UI-Venus-2 Technical Report

UI-Venus-2 presents a general-purpose GUI agent designed to operate across mobile, web, and desktop environments via a unified closed-loop reasoning-action framework. It scales environments, tasks, and verification to improve real-world deployment prospects, and adds safety-aware mechanisms for controlled action execution. The work emphasizes an open-source foundation to advance generalizability, verifiability, and self-reflection in agents.

The report introduces UI-Venus-2, a foundation GUI agent capable of handling mobile, web, and desktop tasks through a closed-loop reasoning-action loop. It expands environmental coverage to over 170 multilingual apps and native OSs, and uses a deep-research pipeline to generate function-grounded instructions.

For verification, the approach employs trace-level and sample-level evaluators with visual keypoints and multi-model voting to provide reliable RL signals. Safety-aware mechanisms are integrated to ensure controlled execution of consequential actions, aiming for deployable, verifiable performance.

Source: cs.AI updates on arXiv.org — https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00028